Luxor • Valley of the Queens • 19th Dynasty • QV66

Tomb of Nefertari (QV66) مقبرة نفرتاري (QV66)

QV66 is the best‑known tomb in the Valley of the Queens: a near‑immersive gallery of New Kingdom painting made for Queen Nefertari, the Great Royal Wife of Ramesses II. Conservation and strict visitor limits help protect its fragile walls. [1]

Quick facts

The essentials, then we go deep. (Citations link to the source list at the bottom.)

Who & when

Queen Nefertari Meritmut (“Beloved of Mut”) was the chief wife of Ramesses II (19th Dynasty, New Kingdom). She was buried about 3,200 years ago in QV66—today celebrated as the Valley of the Queens’ most exquisitely decorated tomb. [1]

Context

Nefertari appears across Ramesside monuments (including Abu Simbel) and is often titled “Great Royal Wife”—a role with ritual visibility in state religion. [1]

Where is it?

QV66 sits in the Valley of the Queens on Luxor’s West Bank, near Deir el‑Medina and the Valley of the Kings. The necropolis is known in ancient texts as Ta‑Set‑Neferu (“Place of Beauty”). [1][3]

Local tip

Combine QV66 with nearby West Bank stops (e.g., Hatshepsut Temple, Medinet Habu) to reduce transit time. Early morning is usually calmer and cooler.

Why it matters

This tomb is essentially a painted “text” of afterlife belief: spells and scenes guide the queen’s transformation and safe passage, presented with unusually refined draftsmanship and color. [1][2]

One iconic scene

Nefertari playing senet isn’t “just a game” in a tomb context—senet was linked to “passing” through the afterlife and overcoming obstacles on the journey. [6]

What you’ll see

  • Brilliantly preserved painted plaster with scenes from afterlife texts. [1]
  • Deities and protective figures: Osiris, Isis, Nephthys, Hathor, Thoth, Anubis, and others. [1]
  • Star‑filled ceilings and crisp hieroglyphs designed for a “wrapped‑around” experience. [1]
  • Symbolic vignettes like the senet scene (often reproduced in museums). [6]
Look closer

Many scenes are arranged as a guided route: short captions, deity names, and “speech” texts help you read where the queen is headed in each chamber. [1]

Visiting basics

QV66 typically requires a separate ticket in addition to the Valley of the Queens entry ticket, and daily entry is strictly controlled to protect the paintings from visitor‑introduced humidity and CO₂. [1][5]

Hours (guide)

The Ministry’s ticket list shows 6:00am–5:00pm for Luxor West Bank sites. [5]

Price (guide)

As of the Ministry’s 5 Nov 2024 update, QV66 is listed as a premium ticket (foreign adult 2500 EGP). Prices can change—confirm on site. [5]

Photography

Egypt’s general policy allows personal, non‑commercial photography in many sites, but special tomb rules vary. Always follow posted signs and staff instructions. [7]

Conservation mindset

Treat the tomb like a museum conservation space: no touching walls, no leaning, keep moving, and avoid crowding. Visitor limits exist specifically to reduce micro‑climate stress on the paintings. [1][2]

Encyclopedic guide

Deeper context you can actually use on site: what you’re looking at, how the tomb works, and why its preservation rules are strict.

Jump to

1) Overview

QV66 is the tomb prepared for Queen Nefertari, the principal wife of Ramesses II. It is famous not because it’s the biggest, but because it’s a concentrated masterclass in Egyptian wall painting—fine lines, confident color, and carefully placed texts that “activate” the imagery as a guide for the queen’s afterlife journey. [1]

What makes it special

Many royal tombs prioritize carved relief; QV66’s power is painted surface—vivid, detailed, and still remarkably legible. [1][2]

Why access is limited

The tomb’s micro‑climate is sensitive. Increased humidity, CO₂, and biological activity introduced by visitors can accelerate deterioration—hence strict daily caps and short visits. [1]

2) History & discovery

The tomb was discovered in 1904 during Italian excavations led by Ernesto Schiaparelli. Early documentation included plans and photographs; the Museo Egizio archive preserves a large set of excavation images and drawings from this campaign. [1][4]

Conservation timeline (simplified)
  • 1904: discovery and early recording. [1][4]
  • 1986–1992: emergency consolidation and major wall‑painting conservation by the Getty Conservation Institute in collaboration with Egyptian authorities. [1][2]
  • Nov 1995: reopened with strict visitor controls due to micro‑climate risks. [1]
  • 2006–2011: broader Valley of the Queens assessment and visitor/site management planning with the GCI and the Supreme Council of Antiquities. [3]

A key idea to keep in mind on site: what you see today is the result of continuous work—archaeology, documentation, consolidation, and ongoing monitoring. That’s why staff may enforce rules more strictly here than in many other tombs. [1][3]

3) Architecture

QV66 follows a classic New Kingdom tomb logic—descend, transition, arrive—while remaining compact enough that nearly every wall surface is “speaking” through text and image. The most memorable space is the pillared burial chamber. [1][4]

Typical visitor path
  1. Entrance passage and stairs (the “threshold”).
  2. Decorated antechamber with side room(s).
  3. Stair descent to the burial chamber (pillars + surrounding annexes).

Early excavation documentation includes a floorplan and section drawing attributed to Schiaparelli’s team. [4]

Why the design works

The architecture is a stage for painted theology: turning corners reveals new protective figures, and the descent frames the queen’s movement into the divine realm. The physical route mirrors the conceptual route. [1]

The Valley of the Queens report also emphasizes threats like flooding and the need for site‑wide mitigation planning—important context for why access can change. [3]

4) Paintings & meaning

Think of the walls as a guided script. Text captions identify deities, address the queen, and invoke spells; images show Nefertari being welcomed, protected, and transformed. McDonald’s House of Eternity was written specifically as a chamber‑by‑chamber “walk‑through” for visitors. [1]

Common motifs you’ll encounter
  • Protective gods (e.g., Osiris and his divine family) positioned as guardians and judges. [1]
  • Afterlife “instructions”—spells and labels that make the images operational, not decorative. [1][2]
  • Starry ceilings and saturated pigments that amplify a “cosmic” atmosphere. [1]
  • The symbolic senet vignette: a visual metaphor for “passing” through stages of the afterlife. [6]

A good on‑site habit: pick one wall, follow the direction of the figures, and read the labels (even without translation). You’ll often see a clear narrative flow: approach → greeting → protection → movement onward. [1]

5) What to look for

Because visits can be short, go in with a “hit list.” Here are details that reward attention and help you read the tomb quickly. [1]

Draftsmanship

Look at hands, faces, and jewelry: QV66 is famous for delicate outlines and confident color blocks that still feel “alive.” [1][2]

Text placement

Notice how captions “pin” meaning: deity names, short spells, and speech texts are placed to guide interpretation as you move. [1]

The senet vignette

If you spot it, pause (briefly): the Met explains why this scene carries afterlife symbolism beyond everyday play. [6]

Conservation traces

You may notice consolidation lines or repaired areas—evidence of the 1986–1992 conservation campaign and later monitoring. [1][2]

6) Visiting strategy

QV66 is “high value / high demand.” Build your plan around access limits, and treat the Ministry’s ticket list as a guide—not a promise.

Practical checklist
  • Arrive early to improve your chance of availability and avoid midday heat.
  • Buy the right tickets: Valley of the Queens entry + (usually) a separate QV66 ticket. [5]
  • Expect a timed visit and keep your group compact. [1]
  • No touching, no leaning—even small contact can damage paint layers or introduce oils. [1]
  • Photography: follow signs and staff; broad photography policies do not guarantee access in every tomb. [7]

Finally, be flexible. The Valley of the Queens is subject to threats like flooding and conservation constraints; authorities may close or rotate access for preservation reasons. [3]

FAQ

Quick answers for planning and for reading what you see inside.

Why is the Tomb of Nefertari so famous?

Because the wall paintings are exceptionally refined and still vivid, offering a near‑complete “walk‑through” of afterlife belief in text and image. It’s also one of the most carefully managed tombs for conservation reasons. [1][2]

What does “QV66” mean?

“QV” is the standard abbreviation for the Queens Valley (Valley of the Queens). “66” is the tomb’s catalog number. So QV66 = the 66th recorded tomb in the Valley of the Queens’ numbering system. [3]

Who was Nefertari?

Nefertari Meritmut was the Great Royal Wife of Ramesses II. Her tomb and monuments highlight her ritual status and the way royal women could be represented in religious scenes during the Ramesside era. [1]

Is the tomb always open to visitors?

Not necessarily. The tomb reopened to the public in 1995 with strict limits due to conservation risks, and access can be restricted or rotated. Always confirm at the ticket office / on‑site signage. [1][3]

Do I need a separate ticket?

Usually yes: Valley of the Queens entry + a premium ticket for QV66. The Ministry ticket list includes separate pricing for the Valley of the Queens and the Tomb of Nefertari. [5]

How long should I plan for inside?

The tomb itself is not huge, but visits may be timed and controlled. Plan for check‑in, ticket handling, and waiting, and assume your time in the chambers could be brief. [1]

Can I take photos?

Egypt has a broad policy allowing personal, non‑commercial photography in many sites, but special tomb rules can be stricter. Follow posted signs and staff directions; flash is generally a bad idea in conservation spaces. [7]

What’s the single best thing to look for?

If you can find it, the senet vignette is a great “key” because it’s visually striking and the Met explains its deeper meaning in tomb symbolism. [6]

Sources & further reading

References used for the historical/archaeological summary. (Access rules can change—always confirm locally.)

  1. [1] Getty Conservation Institute. House of Eternity: The Tomb of Nefertari (publication page; includes discovery date, conservation dates, reopening & visitor limits). getty.edu
  2. [2] Getty Conservation Institute. Art and Eternity: The Nefertari Wall Paintings Conservation Project, 1986–1992 (publication page). getty.edu
  3. [3] Getty Conservation Institute. Valley of the Queens Assessment Report: Volumes 1–2 (project overview; visitor management, flooding mitigation context). getty.edu
  4. [4] Museo Egizio (Turin) Photographic Archive. “QV 66, Tomb of Nefertari” (Schiaparelli excavations; plans/photos). archiviofotografico.museoegizio.it
  5. [5] Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Egypt). “Ticket prices for visiting Archaeological sites and Museums” (PDF; last update 5 Nov 2024; Luxor section lists Valley of the Queens and Tomb of Nefertari). mota.gov.eg (PDF)
  6. [6] The Metropolitan Museum of Art. “Queen Nefertari Playing Senet” (facsimile; explains symbolic meaning). metmuseum.org
  7. [7] EgyptMonuments.gov.eg (Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities). “Regulations for photography in museums and archaeological sites” (announcement). egymonuments.gov.eg
  8. [8] Wikimedia Commons. “Osiris, Khepri and Nefertari in her tomb” (hero image source). commons.wikimedia.org