Banquet Scene from a Noble's Tomb
Historical Encyclopedia

DAILY LIFE & CLASS

How Hierarchy Defined Existence from Birth to Burial

"Hierarchy was not an abstract concept; it was a physical reality. It determined what you ate, where you slept, and even how you died. Yet, in the eyes of Ma'at, every class was a necessary thread in the fabric of Egypt."

In Ancient Egypt, your social status dictated every moment of your day. While the wealthy feasted in airy villas, the poor worked the fields and slept on rooftops. However, the culture was unified by a shared love of life, family, and preparation for eternity.

Farmers and Workers in the Fields

The Roof Over Their Heads

The Elite Villa

Nobles lived in spacious, multi-story country estates. These homes featured high ceilings for ventilation, lush gardens with fish ponds, and separate quarters for servants and guests. Walls were plastered and painted with vibrant nature scenes.

The Commoner's House

Farmers and laborers lived in dense mudbrick row houses (like at Deir el-Medina). These were small, dark, and crowded. The flat roof served as an extra living space for sleeping during hot summer nights.

The Taste of Hierarchy

The Common Diet: The staple was bread (Emmer wheat) and beer (Barley), supplemented with onions, garlic, lentils, and fish from the Nile. Meat was a rare luxury, reserved for religious festivals.

The Noble Diet: The wealthy enjoyed a diverse menu including roast beef, goose, gazelle, wine (from the Delta vineyards), honey, figs, and pomegranates. Feasts were elaborate affairs with music, dancers, and cones of scented wax melting on guests' heads.

Death: The Ultimate Indicator

Nothing reflected class more than death.

Lifestyle Evolution

Old Kingdom: Stark contrast; only royalty has elaborate stone tombs.
Middle Kingdom: Rise of the middle class; better goods for artisans.
New Kingdom: Peak luxury; introduction of glass, fine linen, and exotic imports.
Late Period: Economic decline reduces the quality of life for the lower classes.

Frequently Asked Questions

The poor had simple woven mats and wooden stools. The rich had elaborate beds with headrests, chairs with animal legs, and chests for linen, often inlaid with ivory and ebony.
Almost everyone wore white linen, which was cool and easy to clean. Class was distinguished by the quality of the weave (sheer for nobles, coarse for peasants) and the addition of jewelry and wigs.
Yes! Archaeologists have found spinning tops, balls, wooden animals with moving parts, and dolls. Games like "Senet" (a board game) were played by adults and children alike.

Experience the Lifestyle

Visit the preserved worker's village at Deir el-Medina.